登陆注册
19309200000020

第20章

That the contrary of a good is an evil is shown by induction: the contrary of health is disease, of courage, cowardice, and so on. But the contrary of an evil is sometimes a good, sometimes an evil. For defect, which is an evil, has excess for its contrary, this also being an evil, and the mean. which is a good, is equally the contrary of the one and of the other. It is only in a few cases, however, that we see instances of this: in most, the contrary of an evil is a good.

In the case of contraries, it is not always necessary that if one exists the other should also exist: for if all become healthy there will be health and no disease, and again, if everything turns white, there will be white, but no black. Again, since the fact that Socrates is ill is the contrary of the fact that Socrates is well, and two contrary conditions cannot both obtain in one and the same individual at the same time, both these contraries could not exist at once: for if that Socrates was well was a fact, then that Socrates was ill could not possibly be one.

It is plain that contrary attributes must needs be present in subjects which belong to the same species or genus. Disease and health require as their subject the body of an animal; white and black require a body, without further qualification; justice and injustice require as their subject the human soul.

Moreover, it is necessary that pairs of contraries should in all cases either belong to the same genus or belong to contrary genera or be themselves genera. White and black belong to the same genus, colour; justice and injustice, to contrary genera, virtue and vice;while good and evil do not belong to genera, but are themselves actual genera, with terms under them.

同类推荐
热门推荐
  • 圣天堂

    圣天堂

    罗飞因为被陷害,在去往唐城监狱中,意外来到了一个陌生的世界,也许,这里将是新的开始。
  • 家庭秋季生活小常识(最实用的居家小书)

    家庭秋季生活小常识(最实用的居家小书)

    秋季我们在饮食上要多吃酸类食物,秋天气候干燥,温差不定,身体的肝脏功能需要保护。在饮食上要“增酸”,以增强肝脏的功能,抵御过盛肺气侵入。中医认为,秋季是夏冬两季的过渡时期,气温由热向寒转变,养生也应从“养阳”转向“养阴”。凉爽的秋意慢慢来临。但是健身运动是一年四季都不能停歇的。运动专家建议,健身者可根据自己的体质和爱好,选择慢跑、爬山、球类运动等比较适合在秋冬进行的运动。秋冬运动量与夏季相比可适当增大,运动时间可加长,但要注意循序渐进。
  • exo我深爱的

    exo我深爱的

    一场误会,她跳崖自尽,当她再次醒来,脑子里一场空白!偶然遇见前男友,她该怎么办?当她面对前男友和和儿时的“小哥哥”她会选择谁呢?一场虐恋开始……
  • 异世求生

    异世求生

    大学生凌肖来到民风周大陆,带着空间,和这里的雄性一起改造脚下这片土地的故事!
  • 素年锦时,花影绰绰:暖笙

    素年锦时,花影绰绰:暖笙

    聂晟冷静成熟,他能容忍西屿总是搅他的好事,他能默默收拾西屿闯下的各种祸事,却唯独没有为她一搏的勇气。西屿有着最无忧的青春年少,最勇者无惧的心,她为了能和聂晟上一所大学努力奋斗,她能处理好自己对聂晟潜移默化的情感变化,却偏偏没有做好接受残酷现实的准备。他们只能在灿烂的年华里相依相守。等一切成为过眼云烟,家族破产、父亲去世,聂晟拒绝西屿的接近,身处困境中的他们,面对的却是彼此的猜疑、倔强以及隐忍时,他们两人要何去何从?聂晟说:“如果时光倒流,我一定要让她懂得,我的那些冷漠只是不敢靠近。”西屿说:“如果时光倒流,一定不要告诉我那个深藏的秘密,那样我们的缘分才会持续一生。”
  • 宋仲基之太后的遐想

    宋仲基之太后的遐想

    这本书写的其实是鹿晗,因为一些原因,书名错误,没法改正,所以就这样!
  • 明皇风云

    明皇风云

    穷凶极恶、骄奢淫逸者可以为皇,文武双全、胸怀天下者亦可为皇。皇!大明初安,明君终将老去,天下究竟需要怎样的皇者呢?
  • 古典与现代(第一卷)

    古典与现代(第一卷)

    《古典与现代》承载着无数人的梦想与期盼,而真正的古典离我们实在太久远,几成绝响。离得远就更有拉近、打通的必要,尤其在喧嚣、嘈杂之时。人始终需要从自然中获取灵感。灵性之所以日渐枯萎,是因为人们常常在忙碌中渐渐与自然隔绝。真正健全的读书人与天地契合,享受孤独,吸其精华,刨根究底。精神呼唤回归,让我们一起怀念那健康自然、富有朝气和创造力的身心一体的生活。人类原本不分文武,原本文史哲一家,原本上下左右交融;心灵本该丰富多彩,本该兼容并蓄,像不同声部的大合唱,像美轮美奂的交响乐。
  • 总有一个人,温暖你远方

    总有一个人,温暖你远方

    迷茫·不畏将来。人生是没有答案的,我们都是边寻找边学习着生活。青春·告别与寻找。我遇见了未曾预料的烟花,与未曾预料到的告别。那些想要说出口的喜欢和我的眼泪,请一起淹没在森户海岸。行走·慢品时光。一段什么都不用担心的时光,一座不担心浪费生命与时间的小镇。邂逅·都是想象。似乎有些事情,存在在你想象里的才是最好的。梦想·拼尽全力。即使我们都在担心未来,悼念过去,每个人都在如此拼命地活着,拼命地向前奔跑着。爱情·终于等到你。在全世界与我为敌时,你说会跟我站在一起。远方·美好将至。你所坚信的、一直努力的东西总有天会来到你身边,在最好的时刻。
  • 悲鸣之剑

    悲鸣之剑

    七把神剑,各有其主,除了绝情剑的剑主,其余无一例外的死亡。每一代剑主的死亡,都给剑灵带来撕心裂肺的痛苦。它们,总称——悲鸣之剑。