登陆注册
20045000000145

第145章 Book V(22)

But the old town, the larger half of Prague, which is divided into two parts by the Moldau, by its vigorous resistance wearied out the efforts of the Palatine, Charles Gustavus, the successor of Christina on the throne, who had arrived from Sweden with fresh troops, and had assembled the whole Swedish force in Bohemia and Silesia before its walls.

The approach of winter at last drove the besiegers into their quarters, and in the mean time, the intelligence arrived that a peace had been signed at Munster, on the 24th October.

The colossal labour of concluding this solemn, and ever memorable and sacred treaty, which is known by the name of the peace of Westphalia;the endless obstacles which were to be surmounted; the contending interests which it was necessary to reconcile; the concatenation of circumstances which must have co-operated to bring to a favourable termination this tedious, but precious and permanent work of policy; the difficulties which beset the very opening of the negociations, and maintaining them, when opened, during the ever-fluctuating vicissitudes of the war;finally, arranging the conditions of peace, and still more, the carrying them into effect; what were the conditions of this peace;what each contending power gained or lost, by the toils and sufferings of a thirty years' war; what modification it wrought upon the general system of European policy; -- these are matters which must be relinquished to another pen. The history of the peace of Westphalia constitutes a whole, as important as the history of the war itself. A mere abridgment of it, would reduce to a mere skeleton one of the most interesting and characteristic monuments of human policy and passions, and deprive it of every feature calculated to fix the attention of the public, for which I write, and of which I now respectfully take my leave.

End Index.

Aix-la-Chapelle, placed under the Ban.

Arnheim, Field-Marshal: communicates with Wallenstein;marches into Saxon territory; offers alliance to Wallenstein.

Augsburg, Diet of.

Augsburg, Peace of.

Aulic Council.

Austria, House of: religious and political position; power under Charles V.

Avaux, D', Count. [See letter D.]

Baden, Margrave of, joins Frederick V.

Bamberg, Bishop of.

Banner, Swedish general: at Leipzig; enters Magdeburg; joins Oxenstiern;relieves Domitz; attacks Imperialists at Wittstock; returns into Pomerania;opens the campaign in 1638; retreats through Egra, and dies.

Bavaria, Duke of: makes cause with the Emperor; attends the Diet at Ratisbon.

Bavaria, Elector of: he demands Wallenstein's dismissal. [See Maximilian.]

Bavaria, invasion of, by the Swedes.

Bethlen Gabor, Prince: menaces Hungary; invades Hungary; marches to Vienna;crowned King of Hungary; makes peace with the Emperor;breaks truce with the Emperor. <variant in original: Bethlem Gabor>

Bohemia: condition of, and history; invasion of; peace proclaimed.

Bohemian Brethren, edict against.

Bohemian Compact.

Bohemian Diet: 1609; 1619.

Bohemian Insurrection.

Bohemian Letter of Majesty.

Bohemian Reformers at the Diet, 1609.

Brahe, Count, Swedish general.

Brandenburg: atrocities in; George William Elector of.

Bremen, Bishop of: assembles troops for Gustavus.

Breze, Marquis of.

Brunn, siege of.

Brunswick, Ulric, Duke of: forbids Swedes to recruit;threatened by Oxenstiern.

Bucquoi: defeats Mansfeld; death of.

Buttler, Colonel.

Calvinists in the Palatinate and Empire.

Catholic League: formation of; impart their secrets to the Emperor.

Charles V., Emperor.

Charles Louis, Count Palatine.

Charnasse, agent of Richelieu.

Christian IV. of Denmark: appointed generalissimo.

Christian, Duke of Brunswick: serves in Holland; defeated by Tilly; death of.

Christian William, Administrator of Brandenburg: enters Magdeburg in disguise.

Conde, Prince de. <Conde/>

Conti Torquati, Imperialist.

Darmstadt: William, Landgrave of; George, Landgrave of.

D'Avaux negotiates treaty between Sweden and Poland.

"Defenders of Liberty", the.

Denmark, King of, sues for peace 1645.

Dettingen, Battle of.

Devereux, Captain.

Donauwerth: banned by the Aulic Council; Swedish officers at.

"Edict of Restitution" signed 1629.

Egra, Castle of, great banquet held at.

Enghien, Duke of, heroic conduct of.

England, political position of.

Evangelical Union: declaration in favour of, by Matthias;moves in support of Bohemian Protestants.

Falkenberg, Dietrich, sent to Magdeburg.

Ferdinand I., Emperor: character of; position after Augsburg.

Ferdinand II.: his Popish announcement; as Archduke of Gratz;as Archduke of Styria, becomes Emperor; Protestantism in Styria;besieged in Vienna; chosen Emperor 1619; rewards Maximilian with Bohemia;confiscates estates of Frederick; invests Maximilian with Palatinate;attends Diet of Ratisbon; at Mantua; character of, by his confessor;negotiations with Sweden; selects Wallenstein as general; gives orders to spare Saxony; state of his dominions after the fall of Prague;receives news of Lutzen; deprives Wallenstein of command;issues orders for his seizure; orders masses for Wallenstein; death.

Ferdinand III.: King of Hungary and Bohemia; appointed generalissimo;elected King of the Romans; becomes Emperor; defeat at Jancowitz;conspires against Bavaria.

Feria, Duke of, Spanish general.

Feuquieres, French Ambassador at Dresden.

France: political position after Henry IV.; ambassadors at Ratisbon;interests and claims of; triumph of her policy; declaration of war against the Emperor; retreat of the army under Turenne from Bavaria.

Frankfort-on-the-Oder: sacked by the Swedes; Diet of.

Frederick V., Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia: alienates his Bohemian subjects; defeated at Prague; joins Mansfeld;deprived of the Palatinate; at Munich with Gustavus;meets Gustavus after Leipzig; death.

Friburg, Battle of.

Friedland, Duke of. [See Wallenstein.]

同类推荐
  • 医原

    医原

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 六趣轮回经

    六趣轮回经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 大乘义章

    大乘义章

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 佛说月光菩萨经

    佛说月光菩萨经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 庄渠遗书

    庄渠遗书

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • 资治通鉴故事导读本(下册)

    资治通鉴故事导读本(下册)

    《资治通鉴》在叙述历史事件时不可避免地将同一事件分散地列在不同的时间下,使得事件的来龙去脉分散开来。为了聚拢线索,范毅然将原著中分散的故事或人物串联起来,加入了一些相关知识介绍,帮助小读者更好地了解故事的来龙去脉。精选其中的重大历史事件和重要历史人物,完整详细地交代原委,帮助读者更清楚地了解历史。
  • 重山烟雨诺

    重山烟雨诺

    苏伊诺一个什么都懂的逗B女,季曜沂一个一根筋的大好青年。携手经历了一些不敢想象的人生,出现了各种不忍直视的狗血桥段。从一个武功高强的高手,变成一个打架除了看就只能跑的逗B女,从一个天赋异禀的大好青年,变成快当配角的小男子。请看小女子和大,大,大豆腐的爱情和不同常人的人生。
  • 倒卖修真界

    倒卖修真界

    【起点第四编辑组签约作品】一个身具通往两个大陆人钥匙的人,当他发现两个大陆完全不同时,他是如何互补所需,倒买倒卖的呢。
  • 红楼黛缘:西子情醉红帐

    红楼黛缘:西子情醉红帐

    黛玉在十六岁这一年,经历了从不成想过的艰难命运,且看黛玉面对命运给予的不公平时候,如何把握自己的人生!面对着无情无义的亲人,黛玉又该如何保障自己的利益不受伤害?走出贾家大门的黛玉面对着温柔的,强悍的,深情的人,黛玉将会怎么样选择自己的感情?在形形色色的男子中,哪一个才会是黛玉的真命天子?西窗雨在这里为各位喜爱红楼的亲演绎一段自己心中的红楼故事!
  • 逆天邪皇:勿惹倾城小姐

    逆天邪皇:勿惹倾城小姐

    虾米,穿越,还是个不受宠的庶女。嫡母压榨,嫡姐欺压,丫的,这还是人过得日子吗。此刻她便决定,要为这具身体的主人活出不一样的精彩,当她终于登上大陆顶峰时,渐渐浮现的事情是什么,她究竟是谁。他,是他前世的师傅恋她多年,守他多年,当她投入别人怀抱,终于懂得了他的心意,但却在旁默默守候。在她死后,他心无所恋,随她而去。今生与她再次相逢,但却又被他人捷足先登,他是继续默默守候,还是与他人争夺?
  • 我歌我狂

    我歌我狂

    KTV里一首让无数广场舞大妈为之倾倒热舞的农业重金属歌曲——最炫民族风唱出了李新拉轰的节奏,让他获得了“实力派偶像”与“最炫民族风”的称号,更为流弊的是他把班花在众目睽睽之下给抱了。用李新的话来说,我是KTV里的麦霸,我是麦霸中的战斗机!——麦克风在手天下我有。“那谁,你拿着麦克风不唱歌,你搞毛啊!”
  • 仰望光芒

    仰望光芒

    前言喵,这是悦颜的处女作。可能不被大家喜欢,但希望文章中有那么一个细节让你怦然心动。因为当你怦然心动时,你的心境与我写这个细节时的心境是一样的,当心境相同时,也许我们就能彼此理解,赞赞的!
  • 创战者

    创战者

    未来纪元人类将殖民星际作为新纪元计划,而在这样的过程中,出现了种种异变,一名高等机甲强者横空出世,率领全人类共同抵御来着域外的大灾难。
  • 恶魔宝宝小妈咪

    恶魔宝宝小妈咪

    ★★★“妈咪,这个叔叔说要当小九的爸爸。”小胖手一指,指向身后某处的那位追求了小妈咪N个月的男人,粉嫩的小脸笑得阳光灿烂。“不要!太矮!”红唇微启,不屑地摇头。***“妈咪,我要这个叔叔当小九的爸爸!”小胖手紧紧地抱住某个长得又高又帅男人的大腿,小九一脸兴奋地嚷嚷。“不要!太高!”眉头微皱,满头黑线,无奈地叹息。***“妈咪,这个叔叔说,他才是我爸爸!”一只小手拿着巧克力甜筒,另外一只小手指着身后不远处的男人,一张小脸粉嫩嫩,小嘴大张,笑得‘咯咯’响亮。“呃,......太帅,不要。”说话间,马上脚底抹油,趁机开溜,可脚还未来得及移动,下一秒,一双健壮的胳膊伸来,她被圈了进去。“林小怡,还想逃?下辈子也别想!”
  • 凌天少年狂

    凌天少年狂

    “我名凌天,我必凌天。”“我不知道年少轻狂,我只知道胜者为王。”“三十年河东,三十年河西,莫欺少年穷。”